Crime In India..........

CRIME IN INDIA

A. General

There were 61.8 million criminal cases

reported in 1998 with a rate of 6366 per

million population. 77.8% of cases

investigated were chargesheeted in a court

of law. There were 5.7 million cases

pending in courts of which trail was

completed in 15.8% of cases and of these,

37.4% cases ended in conviction. There are

41.6 police personnel per sq. kilometers and

1360 per million population. 634 police

personnel were killed on duty during 1998.

B. Organized Crime

In India, organized crime is at its worst

in the commercial capital of India, the city

of Mumbai. The first well-known organized

gang to emerge was that of Varadharaj

Mudaliar in the early sixties. His illegal

activities included illicit liquor, gold

smuggling, gambling, extortion and

contract murders. Three other gangs

emerged shortly thereafter namely, Haji

Mastan, Yusuf Patel and Karim Lala. Haji

Mastan and Yusuf Patel resorted to gold

smuggling whereas Karim Lala operated

in drugs. During Emergency in 1975 when

there was crackdown on the Mafia, new

gangs emerged. Dawood Ibrahim, the most

successful, came in conflict with the Pathan

gangs of Alamzeb and Amirzada which led

to bitter internecine gang warfare. The

Pathan gangs were liquidated to leave the

field free for Dawood Ibrahim. In 1985,

there was increased police pressure which

made Dawood Ibrahim to flee. In March

1993, Dawood Ibrahim was behind the

serial bomb blasts in Mumbai in which 257

persons died and 713 were maimed. Public

and private property worth several millions

of rupees was destroyed. Investigation

revealed transnational character of the

conspiracy the objective of which was to

cripple the economy, create communal

divide and spread terror in the commercial

capital of India. Dawood Ibrahim, Tiger

Memon and Mohammed Dosa are

operating from Dubai. Their field of

activity is to extort money from builders

and film producers, mediate in monetary

disputes, and undertake contract (Supari)

killings. There have been instances of

investment of the dirty money in business

with the result that unsuspecting

businessmen have fallen prey to the Mafia

warfare. The killings of Thaquiuddin

Wahid of East West Airlines in 1996, Sunil

Khatau of Khatau Mills in 1994, Om

Prakash Kukreja of Kukreja Builders in

1995 and Ramnath Payyade, a prominent

hotelier in 1995 are grim reminders of

Mafia in Mumbai.

The other gangs of Mumbai indulging

in organized crime are those of Chhota

Rajan (Drug Trafficking and Contract

Killings), Arun Gawli (Contract Killings

and Protection Money), Late Amar Naik

(Protection Money) and Chhota Shakeel.

State of Maharashtra has enacted

Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime

Act, 1999.Other forms of organized crime

in India are kidnappings for ransom, gun-

running, illicit trafficking in women and

children, money laundering etc.

Organized crime exists in other cities

too, though not to the same extent as in

Mumbai. Ahmedabad city has been the

hotbed of liquor mafia because of

Prohibition policy (Banning of liquor). The

Mafia became synonymous with the name

of Latif who started in mid seventies as a

small time bootlegger and grew up to set

up a 200 strong gang after eliminating

rivals with intimidation, extortion,

kidnappings and murders. He won

municipal elections from five different

constituencies with strong political

patronage. He was killed by police in an

encounter in 1997.

There are several gangs operating in

Delhi from neighbouring State of Uttar

Pradesh indulging in kidnapping for

ransom. The going rate was around Rupees

10-50 millions. Land Mafia has political

connections and indulges in land grabbing,

intimidation, forcible vacation etc. Of late,

the ganglords of Mumbai have started

using Delhi as a place for hiding and

transit. Chhota Rajan group is

strengthening its base in Delhi.

Boom in construction activities in

Bangalore city has provided fertile

breeding for the underworld. Builders are

used for laundering black money. Forcible

vacation of old disputed buildings is a

popular side business for the underworld.

The local gangsters in the State of

Karnataka have connections with the

underworld of Mumbai. One of the

Mumbai gang operating here is the Chhota

Rajan gang.

II. ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING

India is geographically situated between

the countries of Golden Triangle and

Golden Crescent and is a transit point for

narcotic drugs produced in these regions

to the West. In India opium is grown under

official control of Narcotics Commissioner

in three states namely Uttar Pradesh,

Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It is

exported to foreign countries for medicinal

purposes. Indian opium is considered best

in world. Turkey & Australia are the other

licit opium growing countries in the world.

A part of the licit opium enters the illicit

market in different forms. Besides, there

is illicit cultivation of opium in the hill

tracks of some states. There is a

moderately sized chemical industry

producing precursor materials for lawful

purposes. The illicit cultivation of opium

as well as the precursor chemicals can be

used for manufacture of heroin. However,

there is a great price differential between

India and the West. A Kilogram of Heroin

that goes for a hundred thousand Rupees

in India may fetch Rupees ten million in

the international market. Illicit drug trade

in India has centered around five major

substances, namely heroin, hashish,

opium, herbal cannabis and methaqualone.

The Indo-Pak border has traditionally been

most vulnerable to drug trafficking. Drugs

trafficking through India consists of

Hashish and Heroin from Pakistan,

Hashish from Nepal, White Heroin from

Myanmar and Heroin from Bangladesh. In

the early eighties, the Border State of

Punjab became affected with

narcoterrorism with the smuggling of

narcotic drugs and arms from across the

border. This was also the time when drug

Mafia emerged in Golden Crescent

countries. There were a number of seizures

of a mixed consignment of narcotic drugs

and arms in Punjab. In 1996, 64 % of the

heroin seized was from the Golden

Crescent. Although opium production is

strictly under Goverment control in India,

illicit poppy plantations have been reported

in some places.

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Poverty In India...........

Poverty in India: Current Situation

Poverty is one of the main issues, attracting the attention of sociologists and economists. It indicates a condition in which a person fails to maintain a living standard adequate for a comfortable lifestyle.

Though India boasts of a high economic growth, it is shameful that there is still large scale poverty in India. Poverty in India can be defined as a situation when a certain section of people are unable to fulfill their basic needs. India has the world's largest number of poor people living in a single country. Out of its total population of more than 1 billion, 350 to 400 million people are living below the poverty line. Nearly 75% of the poor people are in rural areas, most of them are daily wagers, landless laborers and self employed house holders. There are a number of reasons for poverty in India. Poverty in India can be classified into two categories namely rural poverty and urban poverty.

Reasons for Rural Poverty

Some of the basic reasons of rural poverty in India are:

• Unequal distribution of income.
• High population growth.
• Illiteracy.
• Large families.
• Caste system.

Problems Of Rural Poverty

• Presence of malnutrition, illiteracy, diseases and long term health problems.
• Unhygienic living conditions, lack of proper housing, high infant mortality rate, injustice to women and social ill-treatment of certain sections of society.

Steps Taken by Government to Reduce Rural Poverty
The government of India has been trying its best to remove poverty. Some of the measures which the government has taken to remove rural poverty are:

• Small farmer’s development Programme.
• Drought area development Programme.
• Minimum needs Programme.
• National rural employment Programme.
• Assurance on employment.
• Causes for Urban Poverty.

Causes for Urban Poverty

The causes of urban poverty in India are:

• Improper training
• Slow job growth.
• Failure of PDS system

Problems Of Urban Poverty

• Restricted access to employment opportunities and income.
• Lack of proper housing facilities
• Unhygienic environments
• No social security schemes
• Lack of opportunity to quality health and educational services.

The steps taken by government to remove urban poverty are:

• Nehru Rozgar Yojna.
• Prime Minister Rozgar Yojna.
• Urban Basic services for the poor Programme.
• National social Assistance Programme.

But these processes can be helpful only if the policies go to those people for whom it is meant. The clash between the central government and the state government often results in the lack of implementation of these policies. So it is very important that the governments do not play power politics when it comes to a serious issue such as poverty.

Year	All India %	Rural %	Urban%
1973	54.9	56.4	49.0
1978	51.3	53.1	45.2
1983	44.5	45.7	40.8
1988	38.9	39.1	38.2
1994	36.0	37.3	32.4
1999	26.1	27.1	23.6

How to Remove Poverty

Well as you know that India is the 2 most populated country in the world and it is impossible to remove poverty from India.
why we can't remove poverty from India?
because of the uneducated people whom are the vote bank. they won't NWT to be educated that's way they have big families (this is the biggest fact why India is most populated and poor) .

Also

We can remove poverty from India only when we deal with the underlying social and cultural problems which Indians face.

People refuse to use toilets, they crap outside and so the water is polluted, so they are always getting diseases. Access to clean water is critical to public health and hence poverty eradication.

Women are discouraged from getting any education (especially in rural areas), so half the potential workforce of the country is totally undeveloped.Education is very bad, and even basic literacy is only at about 40% of population.

The population is exploding, especially among the poor. This makes all the problems above even worse

We need to change the culture and the people's mindset, in order to remove poverty.

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